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Subelement T3

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

Section T3C

Propagation modes: sporadic E, meteor scatter, auroral propagation, tropospheric ducting; F region skip; Line of sight and radio horizon

Why are simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon?

  • They are too weak to go very far
  • FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles
  • Correct Answer
    UHF signals are usually not propagated by the ionosphere
  • UHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D region
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What is a characteristic of HF communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies?

  • HF antennas are generally smaller
  • HF accommodates wider bandwidth signals
  • Correct Answer
    Long-distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF
  • There is less atmospheric interference (static) on HF
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What is one characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?

  • They are often received from 10,000 miles or more
  • Correct Answer
    They are distorted, with a characteristic raspy sound
  • They occur only during winter nighttime hours
  • They are generally strongest when your antenna is aimed west
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Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10-, 6-, and 2-meter bands from beyond the radio horizon?

  • Backscatter
  • Correct Answer
    Sporadic E
  • D region absorption
  • Gray-line propagation
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Which of the following effects may allow radio signals to travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations?

  • Correct Answer
    Knife-edge diffraction
  • Faraday rotation
  • Quantum tunneling
  • Doppler shift
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What type of propagation is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis?

  • Correct Answer
    Tropospheric ducting
  • D region refraction
  • F2 region refraction
  • Faraday rotation
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What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter?

  • 33 centimeters
  • Correct Answer
    6 meters
  • 2 meters
  • 70 centimeters
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What causes tropospheric ducting?

  • Discharges of lightning during electrical storms
  • Sunspots and solar flares
  • Updrafts from hurricanes and tornadoes
  • Correct Answer
    Temperature inversions in the atmosphere
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What is generally the best time for long-distance 10-meter band propagation via the F region?

  • Correct Answer
    From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity
  • From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of high sunspot activity
  • From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of low sunspot activity
  • From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of low sunspot activity
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Which of the following bands may provide long-distance communications via the ionosphere’s F region during the peak of the sunspot cycle?

  • Correct Answer
    6 and 10 meters
  • 23 centimeters
  • 70 centimeters and 1.25 meters
  • All these choices are correct
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Why is the radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals more distant than the visual horizon?

  • Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light
  • Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles
  • Correct Answer
    The atmosphere refracts radio waves slightly
  • Radio waves are blocked by dust particles
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