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Subelement T0

SAFETY

Section T0C

RF hazards: radiation exposure, proximity to antennas, recognized safe power levels, radiation types, duty cycle

What type of radiation are radio signals?

  • Gamma radiation
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Alpha radiation
  • Correct Answer
    Non-ionizing radiation
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Which of the following bands has the lowest maximum permissible exposure for RF safety?

  • 3.5 MHz
  • Correct Answer
    50 MHz
  • 440 MHz
  • 1296 MHz
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How does the allowable power density for RF safety change if duty cycle changes from 100 percent to 50 percent?

  • It increases by a factor of 3
  • It decreases by 50 percent
  • Correct Answer
    It increases by a factor of 2
  • There is no adjustment allowed for lower duty cycle
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What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur station antenna?

  • Frequency and power level of the RF field
  • Distance from the antenna to a person
  • Radiation pattern of the antenna
  • Correct Answer
    All these choices are correct
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Why do exposure limits vary with frequency?

  • Lower frequency RF fields have more energy than higher frequency fields
  • Lower frequency RF fields do not penetrate the human body
  • Higher frequency RF fields are transient in nature
  • Correct Answer
    The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than at others
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Which of the following is an acceptable method to determine whether your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations?

  • By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65
  • By calculation based on computer modeling
  • By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment
  • Correct Answer
    All these choices are correct
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What hazard is created by touching an antenna during a transmission?

  • Electrocution
  • Correct Answer
    RF burn to skin
  • Exposure to ionizing radiation
  • All these choices are correct
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Which of the following actions can reduce exposure to RF radiation?

  • Correct Answer
    Relocate antennas
  • Relocate the transmitter
  • Increase the duty cycle
  • All these choices are correct
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How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations?

  • By informing the FCC of any changes made in your station
  • Correct Answer
    By re-evaluating the station whenever an item in the transmitter or antenna system is changed
  • By making sure your antennas have low SWR
  • By using only Underwriter Laboratories approved transmitting equipment
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Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels?

  • Correct Answer
    It affects the average exposure to radiation
  • It affects the peak exposure to radiation
  • It takes into account the antenna feed line loss
  • It takes into account the thermal effects of the final amplifier
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What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure?

  • The difference between the lowest and highest power output of a transmitter
  • The difference between the PEP and the average power output of a transmitter
  • Correct Answer
    The percentage of time that a transmitter is transmitting
  • The percentage of time that a transmitter is not transmitting
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How does RF radiation differ from ionizing radiation (radioactivity)?

  • Correct Answer
    RF radiation does not have sufficient energy to cause chemical changes in cells and damage DNA
  • RF radiation can only be detected with an RF dosimeter
  • RF radiation is limited in range to a few feet
  • RF radiation is perfectly safe
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Who is responsible for ensuring that no person is exposed to RF energy above the FCC exposure limits?

  • The FCC
  • Correct Answer
    The station licensee
  • Anyone who is near an antenna
  • The local zoning board
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